Snakes in Montana: Protecting Your Pets From Rattlesnake Encounters

With warmer days returning to the mountains and plains, snakes are waking up, and that means it’s time to think about keeping your pets safe.

Each year, thousands of dogs and outdoor cats come nose-to-nose with rattlesnakes and other wildlife. Whether you’re hiking Yellowstone trails, roaming Paradise Valley, or just letting your dog into the backyard, it’s smart to understand what types of snakes in Montana you may encounter and how to keep rattlesnakes away from your furry family members.

Even though most snakes are shy and avoid humans, curiosity (and an intense sense of smell) can get pets into trouble quickly. Prevention, awareness, and preparation go a long way in protecting against these threats.

Snakes in Montana, know what you’re dealing with

There are about ten species of snakes in Montana, but only one is venomous: the prairie rattlesnake. Found in grasslands, river valleys, and rocky hillsides, this venomous snake is responsible for the majority of bites reported in the state.

Common Montana snakes you might see

Here are some species of snakes found in Montana, and whether or not they’re dangerous:

• Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis): Our only venomous native snake. Recognizable by its diamond pattern, triangular head, and the signature rattle. Active during warm seasons.

• Garter Snake: Harmless and often found in backyards or near water. A common sight in gardens.

• Racer: Slim, long, and swift. They’ll usually disappear before you even spot them.

• Rubber Boa / Northern Rubber Boa: Small and slow-moving with a smooth, rubbery appearance. Rare, but completely harmless.

• Hognose Snake: Known for its dramatic defense tactics, like hissing or playing dead. Also, non-venomous and not aggressive.

Knowing how to identify venomous vs. non-venomous snakes in Montana can ease your worries and help you respond calmly if you see one.

Need help identifying local reptiles? Visit Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks for an overview of native species.

How to keep rattlesnakes away from pets

How do you keep rattlesnakes away from your curious dog or roaming outdoor cat? Begin with these straightforward yet essential strategies.

1. Stick to well-maintained trails

Avoid tall grass, overgrown brush, and rocky ledges when walking or hiking. These are prime hiding spots for snakes in Montana. Choose wide, visible paths, especially in early morning or late evening when snakes are more active.

2. Keep dogs leashed and close

Keep your pup on a 4–6 ft leash so you can spot danger before they do. A leash helps you maintain control and avoid accidental close encounters.

3. Be noisy

Rattlesnakes can sense ground vibrations. Tap the ground with your walking stick, let your dog’s tags jingle, or talk out loud. The goal is to alert the snake so it can move away, not surprise it.

4. Watch the ground, not your phone

Stay alert and scan ahead. Looking down at your screen can delay your reaction time, and you may miss warning signs, such as a rattle or movement in the grass.

5. Clean up your yard

Trim back bushes and tall grasses, remove firewood piles, and block access under porches and decks. Don’t let your backyard become a snake hotel.

Need help preparing your property for the warmer season? Explore Billings Animal Family Hospital Veterinary Services to get started.

6. Bring outdoor cats inside

Free-roaming cats are at higher risk. They love to stalk, explore, and chase, all behaviors that can trigger a snake to strike.

When and where snakes are most active

Snakes in Montana typically become active between April and October, depending on the prevailing weather conditions. They’re most often found:

• On warm rocks or roads, basking in the sun.

• Near water sources like the Madison River.

• In the lowland grass and scrub near Paradise Valley.

• Along hiking trails in Yellowstone National Park.

Avoid hiking during hot afternoons or warm nights, when rattlesnakes are most active and on the move. And always keep an eye (and ear) out for that telltale rattle.

What to do if you encounter a snake

Even with precautions, you may still run into a snake in Montana. Here’s how to handle it:

1. Stop immediately. Don’t panic or make sudden movements.

2. Back away slowly and give the snake room to leave.

3. Don’t try to handle or provoke it; even dead snakes can bite reflexively.

4. If your pet is bitten, note the snake’s appearance (color, pattern, size).

5. Get veterinary help right away.

Should you get the rattlesnake vaccine for your dog?

If your pup is often outdoors in areas with prairie rattlesnakes, discussing the vaccine with your veterinarian is a worthwhile consideration.

Research indicates that rattlesnake vaccines can reduce the severity of symptoms and buy time for emergency treatment. It’s designed for bites from the western rattlesnake, which includes the prairie rattlesnake.

Important: Even vaccinated dogs need to see a vet immediately after a bite. Download the emergency vet contact card to stay aware, prepared, and get preventive care.

Take the next step to protect your pet

Snakes in Montana are a fact of life, but your pet doesn’t have to be at risk. With better care and early preparation, you can help your dog or cat enjoy the great outdoors safely and securely. If you're wondering whether the rattlesnake vaccine is right for your pet or need to plan for snake season, book a consultation with our Billings Animal Family Hospital team so we can assist you. 

To learn more about who we are, please visit our About Us page. With the right knowledge and care, you and your pet can make the most of every sunny day, without any snake-related surprises.